Author: Elmar Rueckert
MATLAB Code of Probabilistic Movement Primitives for Motion Analysis
Matlab Code Link
Publication where the Code was used
2016 |
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Rueckert, Elmar; Camernik, Jernej; Peters, Jan; Babic, Jan Probabilistic Movement Models Show that Postural Control Precedes and Predicts Volitional Motor Control Journal Article In: Nature Publishing Group: Scientific Reports, vol. 6, no. 28455, 2016. @article{Rueckert2016b, | ![]() |
MATLAB Code of Spiking Neural Networks for Robot Motion Planning
Matlab Code Link
Publication where the Code was used
2016 |
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Rueckert, Elmar; Kappel, David; Tanneberg, Daniel; Pecevski, Dejan; Peters, Jan Recurrent Spiking Networks Solve Planning Tasks Journal Article In: Nature Publishing Group: Scientific Reports, vol. 6, no. 21142, 2016. @article{Rueckert2016a, | ![]() |
Stochastic Neural Networks for Robot Motion Planning
Video
Link to the file
You may use this video for research and teaching purposes. Please cite the Chair of Cyber-Physical-Systems or the corresponding research paper.
Publications
2016 |
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Tanneberg, Daniel; Paraschos, Alexandros; Peters, Jan; Rueckert, Elmar Deep Spiking Networks for Model-based Planning in Humanoids Proceedings Article In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Humanoid Robots (HUMANOIDS), 2016. @inproceedings{tanneberg_humanoids16, | ![]() |
Rueckert, Elmar; Kappel, David; Tanneberg, Daniel; Pecevski, Dejan; Peters, Jan Recurrent Spiking Networks Solve Planning Tasks Journal Article In: Nature Publishing Group: Scientific Reports, vol. 6, no. 21142, 2016. @article{Rueckert2016a, | ![]() |
Learning Bimanual Manipulation Primitives
Video
Link to the file
You may use this video for research and teaching purposes. Please cite the Chair of Cyber-Physical-Systems or the corresponding research paper.
Learning Multimodal Solutions with Movement Primitives
Video
Link to the file
You may use this video for research and teaching purposes. Please cite the Chair of Cyber-Physical-Systems or the corresponding research paper.
Publications
2015 |
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Rueckert, Elmar; Mundo, Jan; Paraschos, Alexandros; Peters, Jan; Neumann, Gerhard Extracting Low-Dimensional Control Variables for Movement Primitives Proceedings Article In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2015. @inproceedings{Rueckert2015, | ![]() |
Dynamic Control of a CableBot
Building a CableBot and Learning the Dynamics Model and the Controller
Controlling cable driven master slave robots is a challenging task. Fast and precise motion planning requires stabilizing struts which are disruptive elements in robot-assisted surgeries. In this work, we study parallel kinematics with an active deceleration mechanism that does not require any hindering struts for stabilization.
Reinforcement learning is used to learn control gains and model parameters which allow for fast and precise robot motions without overshooting. The developed mechanical design as well as the controller optimization framework through learning can improve the motion and tracking performance of many widely used cable-driven master slave robots in surgical robotics.
Project Consortium
- Montanuniversität Leoben
Related Work
H Yuan, E Courteille, D Deblaise (2015). Static and dynamic stiffness analyses of cable-driven parallel robots with non-negligible cable mass and elasticity, Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2015 – Elsevier, link.
MA Khosravi, HD Taghirad (2011). Dynamic analysis and control of cable driven robots with elastic cables, Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 35.4 (2011): 543-557, link.
Publications
2019 |
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Rueckert, Elmar; Jauer, Philipp; Derksen, Alexander; Schweikard, Achim Dynamic Control Strategies for Cable-Driven Master Slave Robots Proceedings Article In: Keck, Tobias (Ed.): Proceedings on Minimally Invasive Surgery, Luebeck, Germany, 2019, (January 24-25, 2019). @inproceedings{Rueckert2019c, | ![]() |
Active transfer learning with neural networks through human-robot interactions (TRAIN)
DFG Project 07/2020-01/2025
In our vision, autonomous robots are interacting with humans at industrial sites, in health care, or at our homes managing the household. From a technical perspective, all these application domains require that robots process large amounts of data of noisy sensor observations during the execution of thousands of different motor and manipulation skills. From the perspective of many users, programming these skills manually or using recent learning approaches, which are mostly operable only by experts, will not be feasible to use intelligent autonomous systems in tasks of everyday life.
In this project, we aim at improving robot skill learning with deep networks considering human feedback and guidance. The human teacher is rating different transfer learning strategies in the artificial neural network to improve the learning of novel skills by optimally exploiting existing encoded knowledge. Neural networks are ideally suited for this task as we can gradually increase the number of transferred parameters and can even transition between the transfer of task specific knowledge to abstract features encoded in deeper layers. To consider this systematically, we evaluate subjective feedback and physiological data from user experiments and elaborate assessment criteria that enable the development of human-oriented transfer learning methods. In two main experiments, we first investigate how users experience transfer learning and then examine the influence of shared autonomy of humans and robots. This will result in a methodical robot skill learning framework that adapts to the users’ needs, e.g., by adjusting the degree of autonomy of the robot to laymen requirements. Even though we evaluate the learning framework focusing on pick and place tasks with anthropomorphic robot arms, our results will be transferable to a broad range of human-robot interaction scenarios including collaborative manipulation tasks in production and assembly, but also for designing advanced controls for rehabilitation and household robots.
Project Consortium
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Montanuniversität Leoben
Links
Details on the research project can be found on the project webpage.
Publications
2021 |
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Tanneberg, Daniel; Ploeger, Kai; Rueckert, Elmar; Peters, Jan SKID RAW: Skill Discovery from Raw Trajectories Journal Article In: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L), pp. 1–8, 2021, ISSN: 2377-3766, (© 20XX IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.). @article{Tanneberg2021, | ![]() |
Jamsek, Marko; Kunavar, Tjasa; Bobek, Urban; Rueckert, Elmar; Babic, Jan Predictive exoskeleton control for arm-motion augmentation based on probabilistic movement primitives combined with a flow controller Journal Article In: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L), pp. 1–8, 2021, ISSN: 2377-3766, (© 20XX IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.). @article{Jamsek2021, | ![]() |
Cansev, Mehmet Ege; Xue, Honghu; Rottmann, Nils; Bliek, Adna; Miller, Luke E.; Rueckert, Elmar; Beckerle, Philipp Interactive Human-Robot Skill Transfer: A Review of Learning Methods and User Experience Journal Article In: Advanced Intelligent Systems, pp. 1–28, 2021. @article{Cansev2021, | ![]() |
2020 |
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Rottmann, N.; Kunavar, T.; Babič, J.; Peters, J.; Rueckert, E. Learning Hierarchical Acquisition Functions for Bayesian Optimization Proceedings Article In: International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS’ 2020), 2020. @inproceedings{Rottmann2020HiBO, | ![]() |
Xue, H.; Boettger, S.; Rottmann, N.; Pandya, H.; Bruder, R.; Neumann, G.; Schweikard, A.; Rueckert, E. Sample-Efficient Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolutional Strategy via Simulated Rollouts in Neural Networks Proceedings Article In: International Conference on Advances in Signal Processing and Artificial Intelligence (ASPAI’ 2020), 2020. @inproceedings{Xue2020, | ![]() |
Dr. Vedant Dave
Ph.D. Student at the Montanuniversität Leoben
Short bio: Mr. Vedant Dave started at CPS on 23rd September 2021.
He received his Master degree in Automation and Robotics from Technische Universität Dortmund in 2021 with the study focus on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. His thesis was entitled “Model-agnostic Reinforcement Learning Solution for Autonomous Programming of Robotic Motion”, which took place at at Mercedes-Benz AG. In the thesis, he implemented Reinforcement learning for the motion planning of manipulators in complex environments. Before that, he did his Research internship at Bosch Center for Artificial Intelligence, where he worked on Probabilistic Movement Primitives on Riemannian Manifolds.
Research Interests
- Information Theoretic Reinforcement Learning
- Robust Multimodal Representation Learning
- Unsupervised Skill Discovery
- Movement Primitives
Research Videos
Contact & Quick Links
M.Sc. Vedant Dave
Doctoral Student supervised by Univ.-Prof. Dr. Elmar Rueckert.
Montanuniversität Leoben
Franz-Josef-Straße 18,
8700 Leoben, Austria
Phone: +43 3842 402 – 1903
Email: vedant.dave@unileoben.ac.at
Web Work: CPS-Page
Chat: WEBEX
Publications
2026 |
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Soni, Krishnam; Sehgal, Aditya; Dave*, Vedant; Rückert*, Elmar ALRA: Action-Latent Residual Adaptation for World Models Workshop NeurIPS 2026 Workshop on Towards Test-Time Continual Learning Agents, NeurIPS 2026 Workshop on Continual Learning in the Era of Foundation Models and Embodied Agents, NeurIPS 2026 Workshop on PTA: From Pretrained Representations to Acting Agents, 2026, (* equal supervision). @workshop{krishnamalra2026,Latent world models degrade when deployed under unseen dynamics shifts. Recent test-time adaptation methods such as AdaJEPA address this by fine-tuning selected sub-networks of the predictor and visual encoder online, updating on the order of 100M parameters within every episode. We show that such updates are unnecessary when the shift acts on the agent's own dynamics: a 210-parameter affine residual applied to the action embedding, with all encoders and the predictor left entirely frozen, recovers as much planning performance as sub-network fine-tuning. On PointMaze-Medium, this residual matches the strongest AdaJEPA baseline under all three shifts: 50x a damping increase, a 0.2x mass reduction, and a 10x mass increase, improving over the frozen baseline in each while leaving in-distribution performance unchanged, and updating four orders of magnitude fewer parameters. Our results suggest that dynamics shifts which rescale how commanded actions translate into motion can be corrected entirely in action space, leaving the learned visual and proprioceptive representation untouched. | ![]() |
Gottam, Sai Puneeth Reddy; Rueckert*, Elmar; Dave*, Vedant InfiNoVA: Infinite Novel View Augmentation for Viewpoint Invariant Robot Policies Online 2026, visited: 23.09.2026, (* equal supervision). @online{puneethinfinova2026,Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies often rely strongly on the camera viewpoints seen during training, causing substantial performance degradation when deployed from unseen perspectives. Collecting demonstrations from sufficiently diverse physical viewpoints is expensive and still provides only sparse coverage of the viewpoint space. We introduce InfiNoVA, a data-augmentation framework that converts synchronized multi-camera demonstrations into a dense distribution of geometrically consistent training views. InfiNoVA reconstructs each manipulation trajectory as a time-varying 3D Gaussian representation and renders novel observations from sampled camera poses while preserving the original state–action correspondence. This explicit scene representation improves frame-level fidelity and temporal consistency while reducing task-critical hallucinations observed in generative novel-view synthesis. Across four real-world manipulation tasks, policies trained with InfiNoVA achieve 5.4× higher average success under unseen randomized viewpoints than both VISTA-based augmentation and the unaugmented policy. InfiNoVA further achieves 1.7× higher success than training directly on all five physical camera views. These results show that dense, geometrically grounded viewpoint augmentation provides a practical route toward camera-robust robot policies without modifying the underlying policy architecture. | ![]() |
Soni, Krishnam; Sehgal, Aditya; Dave*, Vedant; Rückert*, Elmar Sandwich-Residuals: Parameter-Efficient Test-time Adaptation of World Models Online 2026, visited: 18.09.2026, (* equal supervision). @online{krishnamresi2026,Latent world models enable planning by predicting the effects of actions in a learned representation space, but their predictions can become unreliable when test-time conditions differ from training. Existing test-time adaptation methods address this by updating parts of the pretrained model, often modifying millions of parameters and requiring a choice of which internal components to adapt. We introduce SandwichResiduals, a lightweight alternative that keeps the pretrained world model frozen and learns only small residual corrections around the predictor. The residuals are optimized online using the model’s self-supervised prediction error and require no rewards, labels, or source-domain data. Across 21 conditions on the AdaJEPA benchmark, our method achieves 1.3× the success rate of the frozen model while retaining 95% of the performance of the strongest AdaJEPA variant and adapting 97–99% fewer parameters. Under compound shifts, this advantage increases to 1.9× the success rate of the frozen model, while remaining comparable to internal block adaptation. We further demonstrate the same adaptation principle on a DINO-WM model for 3-D manipulation. These results suggest that effective test-time adaptation of world models does not necessarily require modifying their pretrained internal weights. | ![]() |
Dave, Vedant; Rauch, Christian; Rückert, Elmar Task-Relevant Language-conditioned Segmentation for Robust Generalization in Reinforcement Learning Journal Article In: Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2026. @article{dave2026learning, | ![]() |
2025 |
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Keshavarz, Sahar; Elmgerbi, Asad; Dave, Vedant; Rückert, Elmar; Thonhauser, Gerhard Deep reinforcement learning for automated decision-making in wellbore construction Journal Article In: Energy Reports, vol. 14, pp. 3514-3528, 2025, ISSN: 2352-4847. @article{KESHAVARZ20253514,The drilling industry continuously seeks cost reduction through improved efficiency, with automation seen as a key solution. The drilling industry continuously seeks cost reduction through improved efficiency, with automation viewed as a key enabler. However, due to the complexity of drilling operations, uncertainty in subsurface conditions, and limitations in real-time data, achieving reliable autonomy remains a major challenge. While physics-based models support automation, they often face limitations under real-time constraints and may struggle to adapt effectively in the presence of uncertain or incomplete data. This study contributes to automation efforts by employing Reinforcement Learning (RL) to model hole conditioning, an essential part of drilling operation. Using a Q-learning approach, the RL agent optimizes operational decisions in real time, adapting based on environmental feedback. This artificial intelligence (AI) -driven agent identifies the ideal sequence of actions for circulation, reaming, and washing, maximizing operational safety and efficiency by aligning with target parameters while navigating operational constraints. The RL model decisions were benchmarked against real-case actions, demonstrating that the agent strategy can outperform expert choices in several areas. Specifically, the RL model provided better solutions in three key examples: avoiding poor hole cleaning, lowering the operational time, and preventing wellbore stability issues. The proposed system contributes to the growing body of research applying deep reinforcement learning for automated hole conditioning, representing an innovative engineering application for AI. This approach not only enhances real-time decision-making capabilities but also establishes a foundation for further automation in well construction, integrating engineering requirements with advanced AI-driven strategies. Through the combination of AI and practical engineering design, this work advances both automation and safety in drilling operations, signaling a promising step forward for future developments in wellbore construction. | ![]() |
Dave, Vedant; Özdenizci, Ozan; Rückert, Elmar Learning Robust Representations for Visual Reinforcement Learning via Task-Relevant Mask Sampling Journal Article In: Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2025. @article{dave2025learning, | ![]() |
Vanjani, Pankhuri; Mattes, Paul; Li, Maximilian Xiling; Dave, Vedant; Lioutikov, Rudolf DisDP: Robust Imitation Learning via Disentangled Diffusion Policies Proceedings Article In: Reinforcement Learning Conference (RLC), Reinforcement Learning Journal, 2025. @inproceedings{dave2025disdp, | ![]() |
Dave, Vedant; Rueckert, Elmar Skill Disentanglement in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space Proceedings Article In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 16153-16162, 2025. @inproceedings{Dave2025bb,Unsupervised Skill Discovery aims at learning diverse skills without any extrinsic rewards and leverage them as prior for learning a variety of downstream tasks. Existing approaches to unsupervised reinforcement learning typically involve discovering skills through empowerment-driven techniques or by maximizing entropy to encourage exploration. However, this mutual information objective often results in either static skills that discourage exploration or maximise coverage at the expense of non-discriminable skills. Instead of focusing only on maximizing bounds on f-divergence, we combine it with Integral Probability Metrics to maximize the distance between distributions to promote behavioural diversity and enforce disentanglement. Our method, Hilbert Unsupervised Skill Discovery (HUSD), provides an additional objective that seeks to obtain exploration and separability of state-skill pairs by maximizing the Maximum Mean Discrepancy between the joint distribution of skills and states and the product of their marginals in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space. Our results on Unsupervised RL Benchmark show that HUSD outperforms previous exploration algorithms on state-based tasks. | ![]() |
Nwankwo, Linus; Ellensohn, Bjoern; Dave, Vedant; Hofer, Peter; Forstner, Jan; Villneuve, Marlene; Galler, Robert; Rueckert, Elmar EnvoDat: A Large-Scale Multisensory Dataset for Robotic Spatial Awareness and Semantic Reasoning in Heterogeneous Environments Proceedings Article In: IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2025)., 2025. @inproceedings{Nwankwo2025, | ![]() |
2024 |
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Dave, Vedant; Rueckert, Elmar Denoised Predictive Imagination: An Information-theoretic approach for learning World Models Conference European Workshop on Reinforcement Learning (EWRL), 2024. @conference{dpidave2024,Humans excel at isolating relevant information from noisy data to predict the behavior of dynamic systems, effectively disregarding non-informative, temporally-correlated noise. In contrast, existing reinforcement learning algorithms face challenges in generating noise-free predictions within high-dimensional, noise-saturated environments, especially when trained on world models featuring realistic background noise extracted from natural video streams. We propose a novel information-theoretic approach that learn world models based on minimising the past information and retaining maximal information about the future, aiming at simultaneously learning control policies and at producing denoised predictions. Utilizing Soft Actor-Critic agents augmented with an information-theoretic auxiliary loss, we validate our method's effectiveness on complex variants of the standard DeepMind Control Suite tasks, where natural videos filled with intricate and task-irrelevant information serve as a background. Experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms nine state-of-the-art approaches in various settings where natural videos serve as dynamic background noise. Our analysis also reveals that all these methods encounter challenges in more complex environments. | ![]() |
Lygerakis, Fotios; Dave, Vedant; Rueckert, Elmar M2CURL: Sample-Efficient Multimodal Reinforcement Learning via Self-Supervised Representation Learning for Robotic Manipulation Proceedings Article In: IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots (UR 2024), IEEE 2024. @inproceedings{Lygerakis2024, | ![]() |
Dave*, Vedant; Lygerakis*, Fotios; Rueckert, Elmar Multimodal Visual-Tactile Representation Learning through Self-Supervised Contrastive Pre-Training Proceedings Article In: IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 8013-8020, IEEE, 2024, ISBN: 979-8-3503-8457-4, (* equal contribution). @inproceedings{Dave2024b,The rapidly evolving field of robotics necessitates methods that can facilitate the fusion of multiple modalities. Specifically, when it comes to interacting with tangible objects, effectively combining visual and tactile sensory data is key to understanding and navigating the complex dynamics of the physical world, enabling a more nuanced and adaptable response to changing environments. Nevertheless, much of the earlier work in merging these two sensory modalities has relied on supervised methods utilizing datasets labeled by humans. This paper introduces MViTac, a novel methodology that leverages contrastive learning to integrate vision and touch sensations in a self-supervised fashion. By availing both sensory inputs, MViTac leverages intra and inter-modality losses for learning representations, resulting in enhanced material property classification and more adept grasping prediction. Through a series of experiments, we showcase the effectiveness of our method and its superiority over existing state-of-the-art self-supervised and supervised techniques. In evaluating our methodology, we focus on two distinct tasks: material classification and grasping success prediction. Our results indicate that MViTac facilitates the development of improved modality encoders, yielding more robust representations as evidenced by linear probing assessments. https://sites.google.com/view/mvitac/home | ![]() |
2022 |
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Dave, Vedant; Rueckert, Elmar Can we infer the full-arm manipulation skills from tactile targets? Conference Workshop paper at the International Conference on Humanoids, WS title: Advances in Close Proximity Human-Robot Collaboration, International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids), 2022. @conference{Dave2022WS,Tactile sensing provides significant information about the state of the environment for performing manipulation tasks. Manipulation skills depends on the desired initial contact points between the object and the end-effector. Based on physical properties of the object, this contact results into distinct tactile responses. We propose Tactile Probabilistic Movement Primitives (TacProMPs), to learn a highly non-linear relationship between the desired tactile responses and the full-arm movement, where we condition solely on the tactile responses to infer the complex manipulation skills. We use a Gaussian mixture model of primitives to address the multimodality in demonstrations. We demonstrate the performance of our method in challenging real-world scenarios. | ![]() |
Dave, Vedant; Rueckert, Elmar Predicting full-arm grasping motions from anticipated tactile responses Proceedings Article In: International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids), pp. 464-471, IEEE, 2022, ISBN: 979-8-3503-0979-9. @inproceedings{Dave2022,Tactile sensing provides significant information about the state of the environment for performing manipulation tasks. Depending on the physical properties of the object, manipulation tasks can exhibit large variation in their movements. For a grasping task, the movement of the arm and of the end effector varies depending on different points of contact on the object, especially if the object is non-homogeneous in hardness and/or has an uneven geometry. In this paper, we propose Tactile Probabilistic Movement Primitives (TacProMPs), to learn a highly non-linear relationship between the desired tactile responses and the full-arm movement. We solely condition on the tactile responses to infer the complex manipulation skills. We formulate a joint trajectory of full-arm joints with tactile data, leverage the model to condition on the desired tactile response from the non-homogeneous object and infer the full-arm (7-dof panda arm and 19-dof gripper hand) motion. We use a Gaussian Mixture Model of primitives to address the multimodality in demonstrations. We also show that the measurement noise adjustment must be taken into account due to multiple systems working in collaboration. We validate and show the robustness of the approach through two experiments. First, we consider an object with non-uniform hardness. Grasping from different locations require different motion, and results into different tactile responses. Second, we have an object with homogeneous hardness, but we grasp it with widely varying grasping configurations. Our result shows that TacProMPs can successfully model complex multimodal skills and generalise to new situations. | ![]() |
Leonel, Rozo*; Vedant, Dave* Orientation Probabilistic Movement Primitives on Riemannian Manifolds Proceedings Article In: Conference on Robot Learning (CoRL), pp. 11, 2022, (* equal contribution). @inproceedings{Leonel2022,Learning complex robot motions necessarily demands to have models that are able to encode and retrieve full-pose trajectories when tasks are defined in operational spaces. Probabilistic movement primitives (ProMPs) stand out as a principled approach that models trajectory distributions learned from demonstrations. ProMPs allow for trajectory modulation and blending to achieve better generalization to novel situations. However, when ProMPs are employed in operational space, their original formulation does not directly apply to full-pose movements including rotational trajectories described by quaternions. This paper proposes a Riemannian formulation of ProMPs that enables encoding and retrieving of quaternion trajectories. Our method builds on Riemannian manifold theory, and exploits multilinear geodesic regression for estimating the ProMPs parameters. This novel approach makes ProMPs a suitable model for learning complex full-pose robot motion patterns. Riemannian ProMPs are tested on toy examples to illustrate their workflow, and on real learning-from-demonstration experiments. | ![]() |

























